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Battle of Azaz (1030)
The Battle of Azaz was an engagement fought near the Syrian town of Azaz between the Byzantine army, led by Emperor Romanos III Argyros (r. 1028–1034) in person, and the forces of the Mirdasid Emirate of Aleppo. The battle resulted in a rout for the Byzantines, whose army fled in disorder back to Antioch, but the Byzantine generals managed to recover the situation thereafter, forcing Aleppo to resume tributary status in 1031.
==Background==
Aleppo had been a Byzantine vassal since the days of Nikephoros II Phokas (r. 963–969), but already in the years before the death of Basil II (r. 976–1025), its emirs had begun to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Fatimid caliphs of Egypt. By the time the Mirdasid dynasty (1025–1080) gained control of the city, Byzantine influence over Aleppo and northern Syria in general had declined considerably (cf. Michael Spondyles).〔; .〕
Romanos III, despite his complete lack of military experience, was eager to emulate Basil's military successes, and in March 1030 he departed Constantinople, leading in person a campaign against Aleppo. His army, some 20,000 strong, contained many foreign mercenaries. According to the Byzantine chroniclers, so confident was Romanos of his success that he prepared special crowns for his triumph to come, and staged a grandiose entry into Antioch. Aleppo's emir, Shibl al-Dawla Nasr, learning of the Byzantines' approach, sent envoys and offered to recognize Byzantine suzerainty and to restart the payment of tribute. Romanos's generals counselled him to accept so as to avoid the hazards of campaigning in the arid Syrian desert in summer, especially as their troops were unaccustomed to such conditions and were encumbered by their heavy armour, but Romanos rejected their advice and led his army towards Azaz (Azazion in Greek). As the contemporary scholar Michael Psellos acidly commented, Romanos "thought war was decided by the big battalions, and it was on the big battalions that he relied".〔; .〕〔.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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